From Cicero to Ambrose: The Call to Serve the Common Good

Saint Ambrose of Milan (340–397) was a military governor turned Christian bishop. Concerned about the conduct of his priests, he wrote On the Duties of the Clergy to encourage them to live virtuously. In doing so, he borrowed the structure, many arguments, and even illustrations from Cicero’s On Duties (read about it here).

Cicero and Ambrose build their works in the same way: they begin with excellent character, then discuss what is useful, and finally ask what happens when the two collide. Their conclusion is simple—usefulness without character is worthless.

Both drive the point home with memorable words. Ambrose says, “Let not, therefore, expediency get the better of virtue, but virtue of expediency” (3.6.37). Cicero echoes the same truth: “When men detach the useful from the honourable, they undermine the very foundations of nature” (On Obligations, 119). In other words, being the best human you can be is the most important thing.

And what does this look like in practice?

Pursuing Justice
Both authors insist that virtue must be active. A virtuous person does not retreat into seclusion but seeks justice for the community. Ambrose says, “We must think it a far more noble thing to labour for our country than to pass a quiet life at ease” (3.3.23). Cicero agrees: “”you should embark on activities which are of course important and highly useful, but are in addition extremely taxing, full of toils and dangers which threaten both life and the many strands that compose it” (24). Virtue acts; it does not hide. Continue reading “From Cicero to Ambrose: The Call to Serve the Common Good”

Cicero: Clear Your Head So You Can Serve the Community

We do not exist for ourselves. We are made to serve the community. This service is not always easy, and it is not always appreciated. Yet we must be willing to bear hardships and toil for the sake of others. As Cicero put it, “justice is the single virtue which is mistress and queen of all virtues” (On Obligations, 93). He lays out this vision in his book On Obligations or On Duties.

The key to understanding our obligations is realizing that we are not isolated individuals. We are created for community and for service:

I have often made the point earlier, but it must be repeated again and again: there is a bond of fellowship which in its widest sense exists between all members of the entire human race, an inner link between those of the same nation, and a still closer connection between those of the same state (107).

We are made for one another. Our destiny is not private. It is to use our resources in service of those around us. As Cicero says, the interest of the individual is bound up with the interest of the community. Continue reading “Cicero: Clear Your Head So You Can Serve the Community”

Living in Fellowship with the Triune God

[Editor’s Note: Read a shorter version of this post here]

“Now, I’m really living!” Have you ever said that? What made you think you were really living? For me, I often said it while traveling—to Egypt, to Spain, or to Mexico.

Jesus also had a sense of what “really living” is. He called it eternal life: “Now this is eternal life: that they know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom you have sent” (John 17:3). According to Jesus, real life is life in communion with the Father and the Son. From other passages, we know this life comes through the Holy Spirit as well.

This is the life we were created for but turned from in the fall. It is the life Jesus came to restore (John 3:16). We receive it by believing in Him. Once we do, we are to think of ourselves as really living but unto God: “In the same way, count yourselves dead to sin but alive to God in Christ Jesus” (Rom. 6:11).

A Life in Communion with the Triune God
This is life lived in communion with Jesus. John Mark Comer, in his book on discipleship, notes that following Jesus was fundamentally about being with Him.

Jesus said that communion would continue even after His ascension: “Abide in Me” (John 15). Comer paraphrases: “Make your home in my presence by the Spirit, and never leave” (37). He explains, “Goal #1 of apprenticeship to Jesus is to live in that moment-by-moment flow of love within the Trinity” (ibid.).

This is eternal life: living in communion with the Triune God. But how do we actually do this?

A Baseline for Communion with the Triune God
The key is to keep the Triune God at the forefront of our hearts and minds—to live in His presence. We cannot focus on many things at once, but when our minds wander, there is no better resting place than the Triune God.

One practice that has helped me is making the Apostle’s Creed part of my daily rhythm (see the appendix below to read the whole creed). It brings me back to the Triune God, summarizes the biblical faith, and connects me to the church through the ages. Continue reading “Living in Fellowship with the Triune God”

Living in Fellowship with the Triune God

[Editor’s Note: you can read the full version of this post here]

“Now, I’m really living!” Have you ever said that? What made you think you were really living? For me, I often said it while traveling—to Egypt, to Spain, or to Mexico.

Jesus had an opinion on this question. “Now this is eternal life: that they know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom you have sent” (John 17:3). According to Jesus, real life — what it means to be “really living” — is communion with the Triune God: Father, Son, and Spirit.

This is the life for which we were created, the life we lost in the fall, and the life Christ came to restore. But how do we actually enter into it? The Apostles’ Creed gives us a map. It not only summarizes the faith; it teaches us how to commune with each Person of the Trinity:

  • We encounter the Father through creation
  • We encounter the Son through the Word
  • We encounter the Spirit through the Church

This framework keeps our fellowship with God concrete, biblical, and constant.

Life with the Father — in Creation
The Creed begins: “I believe in God the Father Almighty, maker of heaven and earth.” Creation is the Father’s temple, revealing His glory and care.

Jesus taught us to look at the birds and flowers as reminders of the Father’s provision (Matt. 6:25–26). Dutch theologian Wilhelmus á Brakel urged believers to “accustom yourself to behold creation in such a fashion that you may behold God in it” (The Christian’s Reasonable Service, 1:281). Continue reading “Living in Fellowship with the Triune God”

Seven Practices for Effective Church Ministry (Full Version)

[Note: you can read a shorter version of this article here]

Long days. Endless complaints. Burnout. That was Moses’ life in the desert.

All day long, day after day, Moses listened to the people and then explained to them the word of God. Moses was a prophet. Everybody wanted to talk to him. It seemed like a good use of his time.

But someone did not agree—Moses’ father-in-law Jethro. “What you are doing is not good. You and the people with you will certainly wear yourselves out, for the thing is too heavy for you. You are not able to do it alone” (Exodus 18:17–18). Jethro thought Moses was taking on too much himself. He worried Moses would wear himself and the people out. He was probably also concerned for his daughter-in-law.

What happened next is remarkable. Moses could have said to his father-in-law, “You know, I’m a prophet. I think I know what I’m doing.” But he didn’t. He listened. “So Moses listened to the voice of his father-in-law and did all that he had said” (Ex. 18:24).

What Moses recognized is that wisdom—knowing how to pursue the good in the best way—is not the province of the covenant community alone. It will always be surprising how much people in the world understand about creation, organizations, and even God. God’s common grace is a marvelous gift.

Moses was open to it, and we should be, too.

In this article, I want to highlight seven practices I have learned from a variety of sources. They are distilled in a very helpful way in The Seven Practices of Effective Ministry by Stanley, Joiner, and Riggs, to which I am particularly indebted. It is similar to Covey’s The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People. These practices contain timeless wisdom for running our lives and our organizations well. They are the principles that help us be effective and avoid “wearing ourselves out” while accomplishing little.

Before we get into the principles, allow me to expand on why we should think carefully about what we are doing as churches and ministries. It might seem more holy just to rely on the Holy Spirit in the moment and not plan too much. It might seem that love is more spontaneous and that planning inhibits the free flow of love to those who need it.

This is not completely wrong. Every plan can become a straitjacket and an idol. We can turn our plans into self-reliance and forget God. Scripture constantly warns us: “Let not the wise man boast in his wisdom, let not the mighty man boast in his might, let not the rich man boast in his riches, but let him who boasts boast in this, that he understands and knows me . . .” (Jer. 9:23–24). This warning is not because wisdom is bad but because it is good. However, it is not as good as knowing and relying on the Lord, who can do far above all that we ask or imagine.

So, why should we even worry about wisdom or strategy in our organizations? Here are five reasons:

First, we need organizational wisdom because churches get bogged down in what matters least. Stanley et al. describe a situation that is all too familiar: “some ministries seem routine and irrelevant; the teaching feels too academic; calendars are saturated with mediocre programs; staff members pull in opposite directions; volunteers lack motivation; departments viciously compete for resources; and it becomes harder and harder to figure out if we are really being successful” (65). When we talk about organizational wisdom, we’re not fixing what already works well. We’re addressing the frustrations, the distractions from real ministry.

Second, we need organizational wisdom because not everything we do is equally important. The distribution of food to widows was quite important, but the Apostles said: “It is not right that we should give up preaching the word of God to serve tables” (Acts 6:2). They didn’t say food distribution was unimportant. They said they had a more important task they could not abandon. So, they delegated it to seven deacons. Continue reading “Seven Practices for Effective Church Ministry (Full Version)”